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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00252_Field_frep70.txt
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1996-12-30
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Although we have only
recently come to realize how
numerous these visual areas
are, we are already building up
knowledge about the
connections and single-cell
physiology of some of them. Just
as area 17 is a mosaic of two sets
of regions, blob and nonblob, so
the next visual area, area 18 or
visual area 2, is a mosaic of
three sets. Unlike the blobs and
interblobs, which formed
islands in an ocean, the mosaic
in area 18 takes the form of
parallel stripes. In these
subdivisions we find a striking
segregation of function. In the
set of thick stripes, most of the
cells are highly sensitive to the
relative horizontal positions of
the stimuli in the two eyes, as
described in Chapter 7; we
therefore conclude that this
thick-stripe subdivision is
concerned at least in part with
stereopsis. In the second set,
the thin stripes, cells lack
orientation selectivity and
often show specific color
responses. In the third set, the
pale stripes, cells are
orientation selective and most
are end stopped. Thus the three
sets of subdivisions that make
up area 18 seem to be concerned
with stereopsis, color, and
form.
A similar division of labor
occurs in the areas beyond area
18, but now entire areas seem to
be given over to one or perhaps
two visual functions. An area
called MT (for middle temporal
gyrus) is devoted to movement
and stereopsis; one called V 4 (V
for visual) seems to be
concerned mainly with color.
We can thus discern two
processes that go hand in hand.
The first is hierarchical. To
solve the various problems in
vision outlined in previous
chapters--color, stereopsis,
movement, form--information
is operated upon in one area
after the next, with progressive
abstraction and increasing
complexity of representation.
The second process consists of a
divergence of pathways.
Apparently the problems
require such different
strategies and hardware that it
becomes more efficient to
handle them in entirely
separate channels.
This surprising tendency for
attributes such as form, color,
and movement to be handled by
separate structures in the brain
immediately raises the question
of how all the information is
finally assembled, say for
perceiving a bouncing red ball.
It obviously must be assembled
somewhere, if only at the motor
nerves that subserve the action
of catching. Where it's
assembled, and how, we have
no idea.